Ruscogenins

Among the (approximately) seven species of these perennial, rhizomatous and evergreen shrubs, Ruscus aculeatus L. is the most broadly diffused and appreciated. The italian name “pungitopo” and the German “mausedorn” mean mouse-stinger referring to the old practice of putting these well-armed branches around stored food in order to protect it from pests.

Starting from the Middle Ages, its young shoots have been taken in consideration as drugs for the venous system. The principal class of active compounds are steroidal saponins, particularly neuroscogenin and ruscogenin.

Probably, the Ruscus extract can cause contractions activating postjunctional alfa-1 and alfa-2 adrenergic receptors by releasing endogenous norepinephrine (NE) from noradrenergic nerve endings and through a direct action on the venous smooth muscle. Considering its pharmacological activity, R. aculateus L. has been used against chronic venous insufficiency, varicose veins, haemorrhoids and orthostatic hypotension.